Today’s news that unemployment dropped from 10.2% to 10% indicates that the deepest recession since the 1930s may be over, says the head of the government agency responsible for officially calling recessions. “Today’s report makes it seem that the trough in employment will be around this month,” said Robert Hall, head of the National Bureau of Economic Research’s Business Cycle Dating Committee. “The trough in output was probably sometime in the summer. The committee will need to balance the midyear date for output against the end-of-year date for employment.”

There is a steady and dramatic shift occurring in the investment world toward Exchange Traded Funds. ETFs as they are called, represent baskets of stocks which are managed only to match specific indexes, not to beat them, as is the case for actively managed mutual funds. According to a recent study by Barclays Global Investors US listed ETFs climbed to an all-time high of $607 billion at the end of August. The study suggests that a "conservative" growth rate of 20% compounded annually, would put ETFs above $1 trillion by mid-2011. That total would represent 10% of the US mutual fund industry.  Brad Hintz, an analyst at Bernstein Research, in a Sept. 23rd research note said the growth of passive index products in general and ETFs in particular represent "a threat to traditional asset managers." He expects investors will focus even more on fees and tax efficiency with a sluggish outlook for stock and bond returns after the financial crisis. In this Brief I will demonstrate that there are even more significant advantages to the passive approach offered by ETFs than simply lower costs and taxes.

Economic recovery will be in the eyes of the beholder for months to come. From the perspective of employment, the economy may remain anemic for months. And Washington’s stimulus efforts are having no discernable impact. Alternatively, the corporate sector seems to be showing life on several fronts including exports, inventory replenishment, and earnings from increasing sales.

With only a small bobble yesterday, the market as measured by the S&P 500 roared another 2.5% higher this week. It is some 7% higher this month, but still 32% below its peak on October 9, 2007. Good news from various economic indicators and positive comments from Central bankers and economists have boosted the confidence of investors. On Tuesday, Mr. Bernanke confidently declared that from a technical perspective, the "recession is very likely over at this point." But he added that tight credit conditions and unemployment will keep the recovery muted. The consensus view is that the economy is in recovery, but views diverge on the whether it is sustainable. The threat of government stimulus being removed prematurely and the notion that consumer spending will remain weak through next year weigh heavily on the prospects of strong recovery.